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Whether or not the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a democracy or a de facto monarchy is internationally disputed.

Korea under the Joseon dynasty and short-lived empire was also an absolute monarchy. In pre-Columbian America, the Inca Empire was ruled by a Sapa Inca, who was considered the son of Inti, the sun god and absolute ruler over the people and nation.

Throughout Imperial China, many emperors and one empress ( Wu Zetian) wielded absolute power through the Mandate of Heaven. In ancient Mesopotamia, many rulers of Assyria, Babylonia and Sumer were absolute monarchs as well. Many sultans wielded absolute power through heavenly mandates reflected in their title, such as "Shadow of God on Earth". In the Ottoman Empire, the Sultan wielded absolute power over the state and was considered a Padishah meaning "Great King" by his people. Historical examples of absolute monarchies Outside Europe